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Military
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National Service In 1916 |
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Normandy to Hamburg
A fascinating
account of the final days of World War Two in Europe as experienced
by a young Royal Marine, Donald F MacLeod from Port of Ness
“I was a truck driver
in the Marines and, after nine months training in Exmouth ANCXF, we
went to the Normandy beach codenamed ‘Gold’. The military landings
took place along a fifty mile stretch of coastline. We remained on
the beach for about thirty six hours until some heavy guns, which
were encased in concrete bunkers, were destroyed during the night.
German planes were raking the beach with machine gun fire and
attacking ships out in the bay. |
The late Donald Macleod
(Domhnall an Mhurdo) on the left with his neighbour Norman Morrison
(Tormod Sheonaidh) |
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"About eighty of us were
attached to the third U.S. Army, which was under General Patton’s
command. We crossed to Cherbourg, then down to St. Malo and on to
Paris. We suffered months of sleepless nights while the allied forces
remained bogged down in Normandy and suffering heavy losses. On arrival
in Paris, the entire convoy was parked all the way up to the arch; it
seemed like all of Paris were on the other side of the road. The
French told us that the Germans had left during the night. Apparently,
dispatch riders had warned them that the third army would be in Paris by
morning. However, a few Germans were captured in and around Paris by
the French. We took up residency in a Chateau at St. Germain. Three
days later De Gaulle entered Paris. The allied units were told that a
radio broadcast would be made to the French people stating that Paris
had been liberated by the Resistance. It was felt that this would boost
French morale and thereby help to shorten the War. I always felt that
the gesture was made in order that De Gaulle could bask in the glory as
the liberator of France. In Hamburg we heard that Patton had
died from a broken neck following a horse-riding accident whilst on
leave in Paris. Later, we heard that he had been the victim of a staged
car crash.
"When I was in St. Germain I
was sent out in the truck to find a fuel dump located in a field some
sixty miles from Paris that the U.S. Airforce used. I decided to take
secondary roads to get there but I had to change my route twice due to
blown bridges. I soon realised that I had inadvertently strayed in to
German held territory as bullets suddenly came whistling out of the
trees. All I could do was put my head down and get out of there as fast
as I could. After some time I came to the top of a hill and there,
right in front of the road, was a battalion of Germans walking four
abreast. It was a narrow gravel road and I had to go on the grass to
avoid ploughing into them. Their CO was marching in front of the column
and he put his hand up to halt them. He then beckoned me over with his
hand. I said to myself, ‘If you were ever cool, let it be now.’ I
walked over and came to attention in front of him, but I didn't salute
as I thought it might lull him into thinking that there were more
British soldiers coming behind me. Unfortunately, there were no allied
soldiers within forty miles. He said that they didn’t have any food
and wished to surrender. I just told him that I had no food with me and
that they had better keep marching. I walked quickly back to the truck
as I didn't want to give him much time to think or ask questions. He
waved his men on and sat in the truck as a thousand pairs of eyes gave
me ‘eyes left’ as they might have earlier given to Hitler on a march
past. What a relief when I finally drove off !
| "Later,
I was out in the country driving along a narrow gravel road when I
saw a big black Mercedes with its top down coming towards me. The
sun was behind me and I could see that there were four German
officers in the vehicle. There was no way back and no way past them
so I decided to go full speed towards them, hoping they would panic
first. They just managed to avoid hitting me. Their car jumped off
the road and bounced along until the front of the car crashed into a
tree about ten yards from the road. They all jumped out, waving
their revolvers but they were too late to catch me. They must have
been very high ranking to have that big beautiful staff car. I
often wished that I could have found some way of getting it home.
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"On the
way to Hamburg we came across Belsen camp. The padlock was still on
the gate. Two living skeletons were clinging to the mesh and the
only way you could tell you were looking at living souls was when
their eyes moved." |
"I eventually found the fuel
dump later that day. When I told the guard at the entrance to the field
that I wanted petrol, he told me that there was none. When I pointed to
the field stacked with jerry cans, he said, ‘Oh! If you want
gasoline help yourself.’ I loaded the fuel on to the lorry and made
sure that I took a different route back to base. I did not report what
happened that day and the C.O. later asked if I had seen the other truck
that had left on the same quest for fuel. The sergeant and driver
returned later without finding the dump.
"I was glad the Royal
Marines never used helmets as I thought they were more of a liability
than an asset as I tried to balance it on my head. The U.S. and German
helmets were far more comfortable. The military mentality at Caen was
similar to that adopted during the First World War, with thousands of
lives being lost in order to gain a few yards. Arnhem was also an
unnecessary gamble and a heavy price to pay for glory. Maybe Hitler
was not the only one that should have remained a corporal. It was a
strange experience to pass places like Mons, Ypres, Passchendale and the
vast burial ground at Arras where the flower of Hebridean youth lie
still.
"We were in Antwerp when it
was taken. It must have been the most dangerous place in Europe as the
Germans tried to recapture it. Flying bombs, or V2s, flew overhead
every night and all night. Eight hundred people died when one of the
V2s made a direct hit on the Rex Cinema, in Antwerp. We had been
attached to the First U.S. Army for the Rhine crossing at the Koln
Remagan bridge. When we left Antwerp we spent three days in a German
POW camp which had been liberated by the 1st U.S. As there were no
obvious borders, it wasn't easy to be sure what country we were in at
times, but that POW camp was somewhere between Antwerp and Koln. The
camp’s name was Stalag Luft III. It was an officers’ camp and covered
a huge area. I heard that some allied POWs had been shot whilst trying
to escape. I don't know if Luft III was used as a name for all airforce
POW camps but there was certainly another one in Poland. There was a
small town near us which the Germans had managed to recapture a few
times. I spoke to a girl in a hotel there who said that she hoped the
Germans would come back again as she had a German soldier boyfriend.
She tried to give me a letter for him in case I came across him
somewhere - some hope!
| "A
number of marines, including the Commanding Officer, were killed at
Koln by friendly fire. They had managed to cross the Rhine in
canoes but, unfortunately, a damaged building collapsed on them
about a hundred yards from the bridge. After a night and a day of
heavy fighting, we finally drove across Ramagan bridge one truck at
a time. The Germans had wired it and were trying to blow it up.
You could hardly get over the centre of the bridge due to the
damage. It collapsed into the river eleven days later. That night
we drove towards northern Germany and frequently passed German
soldiers trying to thumb a lift thinking we were a German convoy. |
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"We went
into the Reichoff Hotel and the manager, who was the only person
there, served us ice cream. We then went into the main naval
barracks - Hindenburg. The steward we had serving our meals was the
commander of a German U-boat." |
"On the way to Hamburg we
came across Belsen camp. The padlock was still on the gate. Two living
skeletons were clinging to the mesh and the only way you could tell you
were looking at living souls was when their eyes moved. The rest were
squatting motionless and in the background we could see a pile of
skeletons. The German guards had fled the scene and those near naked
people must have known that they would have been next in line for the
ovens which were still roaring - grit and splinters shooting up about
twenty feet above the chimney. As it came down, the ashes from the
fires of Belsen went into my eyes.
"On the outskirts of Hamburg
we had a few near misses as we were shelled from across the River Elbe.
When we got to the centre of the city it was like a ghost town, not a
living soul to be seen. We went into the Reichoff Hotel and the
manager, who was the only person there, served us ice cream. We then
went into the main naval barracks - Hindenburg. The steward we had
serving our meals was the commander of a German U-boat. He was fairly
fortunate because most of the other Germans working for us were in a bad
way. They scoured the bins every day due to hunger. People were
collapsing in the street every day. There were few shops of any kind
open for business in Germany at this time. One of the German prisoners
we were responsible for had lost his family in the bombing of Hamburg.
Twenty five thousand people were killed there in one night. I asked him
about it and he took a small worn photo out of his breast pocket and
handed it to me saying, ‘That is all I have left in the world. I
wouldn't swap this photo for the best castle in Germany.’ When I asked
him if he hated us, he said if he had he would not have shown me that
photo. He blamed the politicians for what had happened to his country.
He told me that his local Council had a policy before the War by which
relations were encouraged to stay in the same block of houses. Not only
did he lose his wife, his eight year old daughter and the five year old
son shown in the photo, he had also lost all his cousins, uncles and
aunts in the same bombing raid. So there is more than one side to a
story when it comes to War. He said he couldn't even put flowers on
their graves because they were buried somewhere in the rubble which had
once been Hamburg. The city had been taken by the allies five days
before Germany signed an unconditional surrender on Luneburg Heath. I
remained in Germany until I was eventually demobbed in 1947.” |
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National Service - 1916
Reminiscences of the late Norman Thomson, 9 Habost
"I was called up for National Service in early 1916. I had not served in
the Militia before the War. I was barely 18 years of age at the time and
I was sent to Davenport Barracks for six weeks of training.
"Immediately after my period of training I was ordered to a ship, which
I joined in Queenstown, Ireland. We were on that boat for about two
years before it was eventually torpedoed. I don't think we lost anyone
of the crew but two or three were certainly wounded. Our commander was
Captain Gordon Campbell, who later wrote a book about his experiences
during the war, The Mystery V.C.
"We met our first enemy submarine in July 1916. At the time the German
U-boats were wreaking havoc on our Merchant Navy ships. We managed to
sink that U-boat and received 'prize-money' for doing so. |
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"Our vessel was an old tramp boat and the cargo we carried was
usually coal. In late 1917 we discharged in Bermuda and then sailed
to a place called The Three Rivers, in Canada where we loaded up
with timber. We were very happy about carrying this type of cargo as
it would make the boat virtually unsinkable during the return
voyage.
"Unfortunately, the Germans had other ideas. Another submarine soon
encountered us in the Atlantic. We did not try to hide from it.
Rather, we were trying to get nearer her so that they would not be
able to shell us from afar. Anyway, we were torpedoed for the second
time. I cannot remember off hand where. If I had the book I could
tell you exactly.
"It was after
the sinking of the submarine that Gordon Campbell was made a
Captain. At the time he was 31 years old and the youngest captain in
the British Navy. Later, our ship sank another enemy submarine and
for that our chief engineer was honoured by being awarded the V.C.
His name was Ronald Neil Stewart.
LEFT: Calum Alasdair Chaluim agus Tormod a’ Chàimein (Norman Thomson
on right) |
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"We were
torpedoed some time later and the vessel was eventually lost - after we
had managed to get a tow into Irish waters. The crew was then
transferred on to another ship and for a short while nothing happened.
However, we then met another enemy submarine which started to shell us.
For four hours we were under fire. Unfortunately, we did not manage to
sink that one. There was, however, another occasion on which we did sink
a submarine. Our Petty Officer, Peacher, received the VC for that.
"We kept on for a while like that. Our patrol worked around the coast of
Ireland and we sometimes came up near the Butt of Lewis. It could be
very very windy at times. We were again torpedoed. The ship's crew was
awarded the VC for this engagement. The Captain attempted to get VC
ribbons for the entire crew but this was refused as it was against
Government regulations. So the crew voted that one man should receive
the honour. We chose Seaman R.N.R. Williams.
"After this we parted with our Skipper. He was ordered to serve on a
cruiser. The rest of the crew were put into barracks in Davenport.
Before he left us he took a photo of us all together and that photo
appeared in his book.
"Afterwards I went into a gunnery school called 'The Lambs - Defence of
Armed Merchant Ships'. A lad from Point [in Lewis] and I were made
gunners on one of the armed merchant ships. Our first assignment was
transporting coal and supplies to trawlermen working in the
Mediterranean. After we returned we were sent on leave. We were then
ordered to serve on a small merchant ship which was patrolling between
Rouen and the Tyne.
"I was on that one until November 1918, just a week or two before the
Armistice was signed. We were then transferred back to the Devonport
Barracks and remained there until we were demobbed." |
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